Preface Sometimes, flowers and plants with their delicate appearance can be very toxic until causing the death. In fact, most plants have some poisons for self-defense that vary in strength, density, and toxicity. In this regard, the identification of toxic plants from different regions in each country has a particular importance in detecting their toxicity in different livestock and even humans. In this regard, this issue has been considered in many countries and has taken steps to supply toxic plants and their completion. Nowadays, extensive researches have been done on the use of these plants' poisons as natural and biological insecticides, and also, in the treatment of certain diseases such as cancer by these natural poisons. However, from ancient times, researches have been ongoing due to the introduction and the use of toxic plants. Evidence suggests that in ancient times, toxic plants were used to commit murder with great suffering. However, it is noteworthy that even in ancient eras, these plants were used as double-edged swords, so many of these toxic herbs had significant therapeutic properties that led to the death of the individual because of utilizing improper dosage. Therefore, it seems necessary to consider their toxicity and the appropriate dosage of these herbs before clinical application. Indeed, in herbal and traditional medicine, considering the right dosage of these fatal toxins and glamorous herbs with delicate appearance in order to achieve its desired goal of improving the patient.

Dr. Hossein Honari: Associate Professor of Imam Hussein Comprehensive University Mohsen Abbaspoor: Master (MA) of Genetics Seyed Masih Etemad Ayyubi: Ph.D. Student in Nanobiotechnology