This book is the result of years of teaching to undergraduates, Ph.D. assistants in traditional medicine, pharmacognosy, medical science history, and general pharmacy, and a master's degree in medical history; certainly, teaching the natural medicine and their molecular structure based on modern medicine has been very effective in providing the book. This book was based on the books of "law" written by Ibn-Sina and "Makhzan Al-Adawiyyah" written by Aghili of Khorasani and other reference books belonging to Iranian traditional medicine, including "Al-Hawi", "Al-Mansouri" written by Razi, "Zakhire" written by Kharazmshahi Jarjani. Modern medical books such as PDR for herbal medicine, WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants, Pharmacognosy by Trease & Evans have also been used, in particular, research that has previously been conducted with author's guidance and their results published. The purpose of this book is to develop a textbook for students, especially Ph.D. assistants in traditional medicine, pharmacognosy, and the history of medical science (traditional medicine courses), as well as to providing educational, research, and practical resources for anyone who wishes to use Traditional medicine in medical sciences.

M. Azadbakht, Ph.D. PhD in Pharmacognosy at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Faculty Member of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences